CAD APPLICATION IN NEPAL

CAD engineering is widely used to design and develop products to be used by end consumers or intermediate goods used in other products. CAD is used extensively in engineering process in Nepal.

CAD is used in almost all engineering based industries like architecture, automotive, consumer, electronic, electrical, machinery, and construction, to mention only a few. Architects use CAD to design buildings while using the software package to enable drawings and designs. CAD enables civil engineers and architects in a variety of ways like aiding them in architectural, electrical, structural, and interior designs, to mention only a few.

Engineering industries, especially mechanical engineering based companies, use CAD in a variety of ways. Right from creating engineering drawings to 3D modeling, CAD is used in most of the manufacturing process. 3D modeling and pro-engineering packages allow engineering companies to design products or components for machinery, taking care of even the minutest of details. The entire process saves time and money and ensures precision and accuracy. With increasing sophistication in many industries, the design concepts done using CAD are directly fed into the manufacturing process using Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems. Electrical and electronic engineering industries use CAD for things like PCB designs and wiring layout designs. CAD is also used to design the overall layout of a manufacturing unit.

CAD engineering enables quicker product turn around times, as a result of which we see more and more new products hitting the market everyday. CAD engineering is responsible for the advent of robotics into the manufacturing sector, with more and more engineering processes being automated for increased accuracy and production.

1.CAD Drafting (Mechanical, Structural,Civil & Architectural) and conversion of legacy paper drawings to CAD formats in the most commonly used AutoCAD platforms and new platforms on appraisal of your needs can be quickly added.


2. 2D to 3D Modeling.


3. Digitization and Vectorization for PAPER TO CAD CONVERSION PROJECT for GIS.


4. Production Drafting for Architectural detailing.

5. Production the Shop Drawings and Asbuilt Drawings

WATER STRESSES IN HILLY REGION OF NEPAL

The himalayan country of Nepal most often faces problems of water stresses at various part of the country though a second most rich country of the world in terms of water resources.The region is very extensive and covers about 50% of the total area of Nepal. Its elevation ranges from 600m to 3000m. Its topography consists of Mahabharat Ranges, Churia Hills, and elevated flattish land and river valleys. There are some isolated broad valleys lying in between the Mahabharat and Churia Ranges. These are known as Duns or Inner TarNewsletter . In some villages in the hills of Nepal, drinking water is supplied to consumers through a bamboo piping system. In Barbotey Village, in the Ilam District of Nepal, for example, water is supplied to two households (12 people) from a common source. A longitudinally cut bamboo tube, semi-circular in cross-section, serves as an intake. Water, drawn from the source, flow along about 100 m of open channel bamboo piping to a bamboo tap. Water flows by gravity down a 1% slope that follows the ground profile. The bamboo pipes, supports and ancillary plumbing fixtures are made from bamboo stems cut from the nearby forests.

Manung VDC in Tanahu district of nepal together with other more than 35 district out of 75 districtof Nepal have been facing water stresses.Rainwater is one of the most best alternative sources of water for those region.In other most part of the country the drinking water is fetch from the far distance lakes,streams,springs sources.

In some part of hilly region of Nepal,there are three main types of project,they are gravity flow project and spring protection.

Both gravity flow and spring protection projects are projects that are used in the hill regions of Nepal. They rely on gravity as a means to move the water from point A to point B. As a result, both systems are very similar in design. The main difference lies in the length and complexity of the scheme. Gravity flow projects cover up to 20 kilometers in length of pipeline where spring protection projects cover only about 10 meters in length. In other words, gravity flow projects aim at protecting the source and transporting the water as close as possible to the users and protecting the source. Spring protection only concerns itself with protection of the source, no transportation.

IRRIGATION IN NEPAL

NEPAL is a small ,beautiful and landlocked contry.It have many water resources and second's most rich country of water resources in world.There are three parallel ecological zones running east to west: the Terai, the Hills and the Mountains. Nepal's resource base for agriculture is severely limited by topographical constraints. Only about 20 percent of the total land area is under cultivation. The predominant position occupied by agriculture in the Nepalese economy is due to the fact that about 90 percent of the population depend on agriculture, which contributes about 43 percent of GDP and 70 percent of total export earnings at nominal prices (Agricultural Perspective Plan, 1994). Although agriculture dominates the national economy, its contribution is rather declining. Nepal, once a rice-exporting country, has now to import rice occasionally to meet domestic needs. The identified reasons for the poor performance of agriculture are: inadequate provision of irrigation, production inputs, credit, market and extension of appropriate technology to support production growth (Agricultural Perspective Plan, 1994). Among these factors, irrigation has been identified as the key to accelerate, intensify and sustain agricultural growth.

HYDROPOWER A NEPAL PROPERTY

Nepal has a huge hydropower potential. In fact, the perennial nature of Nepali rivers and the steep gradient of the country's topography provide ideal conditions for the development of some of the world's largest hydroelectric projects in Nepal. Current estimates are that Nepal has approximately 40,000 MW of economically feasible hydropower potential. However, the present situation is that Nepal has developed only approximately 600 MW of hydropower. Therefore, bulk of the economically feasible generation has not been realized yet. Besides, the multipurpose, secondary and tertiary benefits have not been realized from the development of its rivers.

Although bestowed with tremendous hydropower resources, only about 40% of Nepal's population has access to electricity. Most of the power plants in Nepal are run-of-river type with energy available in excess of the in-country demand during the monsoon season and deficit during the dry season.

Nepal's electricity generation is dominated by hydropower, though in the entire scenario of energy use of the country, the electricity is a tiny fraction, only 1% energy need is fulfilled by electricity. The bulk of the energy need is dominated by fuel wood (68%), agricultural waste (15%), animal dung (8%) and imported fossil fuel(8%).

The other fact is that only about 40% of Nepal's population has access to electricity. With this scenario and having immense potential of hydropower development, it is important for Nepal to increase its energy dependency on electricity with hydropower development. This contributes to deforestation, soil erosion and depletion, and increased flooding downstream in the Ganges plain. Shortage of wood also pushes farmers to burn animal dung, which is needed for agriculture. Not only this, the development of hydropower will help to achieve the millennium development goals with protecting environment, increasing literacy, improving health of children andwomen with better energy. Growing environmental degradation adds a sense of urgency.

WATER RESOURCES IN NEPAL

In Nepal, the water resources are regarded us the key strategic natural resource having the
potential to be the catalyst for all round development and economic growth of the country. Nepal
has a monsoon type climate. The total rainfall varies between 1,000 to 4,000 mm with an annual
average of 1,814 mm. More than 75% rainfall occurs during four months of the monsoon period
(June - September). The total annual surface runoff has been estimated to be 225 billion cubic
meters (BCM) (equivalent to over 10,000 cubic meters per capita) of which 12 BCM is estimated
to be entering from the upper catchments located in China, while about 15 BCM has been
estimated to be entering into the border rivers between Nepal and India from the tributaries
located in the Indian side. The seasonal distribution of flow is extremely varied as low as 1.5% to
2.4% of total runoff in the months of January, February and March, and as high as 20 to 27% in
the months of July and August for snowfed rivers, while these figures for purely rainfed rivers are months of March, respectively 0.5% to 3% in the April and May and 20% to 30% in the months of JULY and AUGUST.

There are seventeen river basins in the Nepalese river system covering a total drainage area of 191,007 km2 of which 22% or 42,030 km2 lies in China and 5% or 9,850 km2 is in India. Karnali, Sapta Gandaki and Sapta Koshi are the major river basins with their origins in the Himalayas and
account for around 80% runoff. The Babai, West Rapti, Bagmati, Kamala and Kankai are
medium river basins accounting for about 7% of the runoff. The southern rivers, with origins in
the Siwalik Hill Range, are Bering, Balan, Khutiya, Pathraiya, Lal Bakaiya, Ratu, Sirsia,
Manusmara and Banganga. These rivers are seasonal with little flows during non-monsoon
periods. The Mahakali and Mechi rivers form the western and eastern frontiers with India.

NEPAL CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CORPORATION

Nepal Construction & Engineering Corporation (Private) Limited was incorporated in 1958 under the Company's Act of Nepal. It is referred to as NCEC.

NCEC operates as liaison and representative agent and nation-wide distributors for international consultant firms, equipment and system manufacturers, civil contractors and trading companies.

NCEC is a family owned company of the Rajbhandari family. Founded by the Late Subba Indra Mani Rajbhandari in 1958, the pioneer of the liaison and representative business in Nepal, NCEC's initial projects were in telecommunication exchange system (commissioned to Indian Telecommunication Industries - ITI) and 11 kV power transmission lines. The company has grown and expanded to provide a multitude of services to international companies and range of investments in other business sectors.

NCEC's founder has left a lasting impression in the Nepalese business circle. He pioneered the liaison services business thus introducing numerous world-class companies in Nepal's infrastructural development process with a vision for over 100 years in Nepal's development process. His motivation, inspiration, vision, harmony and honesty are still strictly followed in the firm. We believe in exclusivity and dedication to our principal firms and shall sustain our dedication throughout our business relationship.

NCEC has worked for more than 100 international companies ranging from consultants, manufacturers, contractors and traders in the last five decades. Companies represented are from countries like United States of America, Canada, China, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Greece, India and many more

THE KARNALI BRIDGE

Karnali Bridge, western Nepal
The 500 metre Karnali Bridge crosses the Karnali River in a remote part of western Nepal. Built by the Japanese, it was inaugurated by Nepal's Prime Minister, Girija Prasad Koirala, in December 1993. The small village on the far side is Chisapani. The road is the Mahendra Highway, a main east-Karnali bridge is long and highest of Nepal. Its boarder of Kailali district and Bardia. Karnali bridge divided district Kailali and Bardiawest link through Nepal's terai region